Frank almost never received any education,____?

John's score on the test is the highest in the class ; he____last night.

He set up in business____his own and was very successful.

The back garden of our house contains a lawn ，____very pleasant to sit on in summer.

Bread and butter____liked by Westerners.

Joseph was very lucky____with his life ; he almost did not get out of the room.

You____that letter to James. However ， you didn't.

Although____Spanish， he attended the course.

TEXT D

Personality is ，to large extent, inherent --A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the

environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is improtant to the parents, it is likely tobecome a major factor lives of their children.One place where children soak up A characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitiveinstitution. Too many schools adopt the "win at all costs" moral standard and measure their success by sportingachievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clockproduces a two-layer system, in which competitive A types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows.Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences:remember that Pheidippides ,the first marathon runner,dropped dead seconds after saying:"Rejoice, we conquer!".By far the worst form of competition in school is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations . It is a rareschool that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well.The merits of competition by examinationare somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into 'B's. The would needs types,and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child's personality to his possible future employment. It is topmanagement. 16.According to the author, what factors contribute to the building of personality?

A. inheritance

b. inheritance, competition and environment

c. competition

d. environment

17.Which of the following statements is not true according to the author of the passage?

A.Schools usually adopt severe competitive policies.

B. Students are often divided by competition results.

C. School is place where children cultivate their characteristics.

D. The stronger desire for winning, the better.

18.The phrase "soak up" is closest in meaning to ____.

A. pull up

b. take up

c. take in

d. pull in

19.What attitude does the author hold toward examinations in schools?

A. positive

b. negative

c. doubtful

d. neutral

20.what suggestion does the author make concerning the management of schools?

A. All students be made into competitive A types.

B. A child's personality be considered in regard to his possible future job.

C. All students be changed into B characteristics.

D. Schools abolish all forms of examinations.

TEXT C

There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with.

Human brains differ considerably , some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has

to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the

second factor is what happens to the individual— the sort of environment in which he is brought up. If an

individual is handicapped(不利 ) environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never

attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were

placed in separate foster(抚养) homes. Peter was raised by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community

with poor educational opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated

intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were

given tests to measure their intelligence. Mark's I. Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and

fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains,

would have tested at roughly the same level.

11.This selection can best be titled____________.

A. Measuring Your Intelligence

B. Intelligence and Environment

C. The Case of Peter and Mark

D. How the Brain Influences Intelligence

12.The best statement of the main idea of this passage is that _______.

A. human brains differ considerably

B. the brain a person is born with is important in determining his intelligence

C. environment is crucial in determining a person's intelligence

D. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence

13.According to the passage, the average I. Q. is_______.

A. 85 . B. 100 C. 110 D. 125

14.The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that_______.

A. individuals with identical brains seldom test at the same level B. an individual's intelligence is determined only by his environment

C. lack of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligence

D. changes of environment produce changes in the structure of the brain

15.This passage suggests that an individual's I. Q. _______.

A. can be predicted at birth

B. stays the same throughout his life

C. can be increased by education

D. is determined by his childhood